openpyxl是python 中用来读写 excel 的包，操作的是新版 excel 文件，即后缀名为 xlsx的文件。
每个excel文件抽象为一个Workbook,每个工作表抽象为一个sheet对象，每个单元格抽象为一个cell对象，
安装：
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pip install openpyxl
Workbook
加载Workbook：
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>>> from openpyxl import load_workbook
>>> wb2 = load_workbook('test.xlsx')
>>> print wb2.sheetnames
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
新建Workbook：
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>>> from openpyxl import Workbook
>>> wb = Workbook()
保存Workbook:
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wb = Workbook()
wb.save('balances.xlsx')
关闭文件引用:
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wb = Workbook()
wb.close()
Sheet
获得活动sheet：
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>>> ws = wb.active
创建sheet:
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# insert at the end (default)
>>> ws1 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet")
# insert at first position
>>> ws2 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", 0)
# insert at the penultimate position
>>> ws3 = wb.create_sheet("Mysheet", -1)
表单名:
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ws.title = "New Title"
访问sheet:
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>>> ws3 = wb["New Title"]
>>> print(wb.sheetnames)
['Sheet2', 'New Title', 'Sheet1']
>>> for sheet in wb:
... print(sheet.title)
复制sheet:
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source = wb.active
target = wb.copy_worksheet(source)
Cell
访问单个单元格
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c = ws['A4']
ws['A4'] = 4
d = ws.cell(row=4, column=2, value=10)
cell(row,colum)访问行和列的方式，行和列从1开始。
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from openpyxl import Workbook
wb = Workbook()
ws = wb.active
ws.cell(row, column, value)
可以按照这种方式为单元格赋值。
访问范围内单元格
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cell_range = ws['A1':'C2']
colC = ws['C']
col_range = ws['C:D']
row10 = ws[10]
row_range = ws[5:10]
也可以通过行或列迭代的方式：
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>>> for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in row:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
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>>> for col in ws.iter_cols(min_row=1, max_col=3, max_row=2):
... for cell in col:
... print(cell)
<Cell Sheet1.A1>
<Cell Sheet1.A2>
<Cell Sheet1.B1>
<Cell Sheet1.B2>
<Cell Sheet1.C1>
<Cell Sheet1.C2>
或者直接通过rows属性，或者columns属性。
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>>> ws = wb.active
>>> ws['C9'] = 'hello world'
>>> tuple(ws.rows)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>, <Cell Sheet.B1>, <Cell Sheet.C1>),
(<Cell Sheet.A2>, <Cell Sheet.B2>, <Cell Sheet.C2>),
(<Cell Sheet.A3>, <Cell Sheet.B3>, <Cell Sheet.C3>),
(<Cell Sheet.A4>, <Cell Sheet.B4>, <Cell Sheet.C4>),
(<Cell Sheet.A5>, <Cell Sheet.B5>, <Cell Sheet.C5>),
(<Cell Sheet.A6>, <Cell Sheet.B6>, <Cell Sheet.C6>),
(<Cell Sheet.A7>, <Cell Sheet.B7>, <Cell Sheet.C7>),
(<Cell Sheet.A8>, <Cell Sheet.B8>, <Cell Sheet.C8>),
(<Cell Sheet.A9>, <Cell Sheet.B9>, <Cell Sheet.C9>))
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>>> tuple(ws.columns)
((<Cell Sheet.A1>,
<Cell Sheet.A2>,
<Cell Sheet.A3>,
<Cell Sheet.A4>,
<Cell Sheet.A5>,
<Cell Sheet.A6>,
...
<Cell Sheet.B7>,
<Cell Sheet.B8>,
<Cell Sheet.B9>),
(<Cell Sheet.C1>,
<Cell Sheet.C2>,
<Cell Sheet.C3>,
<Cell Sheet.C4>,
<Cell Sheet.C5>,
<Cell Sheet.C6>,
<Cell Sheet.C7>,
<Cell Sheet.C8>,
<Cell Sheet.C9>))
只看value
可以使用Worksheet.values方法实现只看sheet里面的value。
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for row in ws.values:
for value in row:
print(value)
Worksheet.iter_rows() 和 Worksheet.iter_cols() 方法可以使用参数 values_only 只返回 value。
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for row in ws.iter_rows(min_row=1, max_col=3, \
max_row=2, values_only=True):
print(row)
---
(None, None, None)
(None, None, None)
数据存储
获得 Cell 对象以后，可以这样为其赋值：
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>>> c.value = 'hello, world'
>>> print(c.value)
'hello, world'
>>> d.value = 3.14
>>> print(d.value)
3.14
